Oil burner



2 SHEETS-.SHEET 1 L. E. FRENCH. OIL BURNER. F1 LED Nov. 3, 19210.

Jan. 23, '1923.

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L. E. FRENCH.

OIL BURNER. FILED Nov. 3, 1920. 2 sHEETssHEET 2 INVENTOR. 50 A uP-Ncf E.fpfNc/u.

A TTORNE Y .constructed to insure Patented dan. 19231.

UNITED STATES LAURENCE E. FRENCH, OF SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA.

vOIL BURNER.

Application led November 3, 1920. Serial No. 421,437.

To all 107mm t may conce/Mt Be it known thatLAUnnNon E. FRENCH, acitizen of the United States, residing at Sebastopol, in the county of`Sonoma and State of California7 has invented new and usefulImprovements in Oil Burners, of .which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a fuel burner and particularly pertains torotary burner-.for use with liquid fuel. lt is the principal ol ject ofthe present invention to provide a rotary burner for liquid fuel whichis so at the fuel will be thoroughly atoinizedas it delivered to acombustion chamberr` and that the niechanical means for agita-ting anddelivering the fuel to the fuel iet and throwing it therefrom will besimple in construction and arrangement so that ablaze of maximumintensity may be obtained in a limited zone, the invention being soconstructed as to permit burner structures .of various capacity to bereadily made from niultipleunits and assembled in such a compact nianneras to allow the burner to be carried from place to place.

The present invention contemplates the use of a rotary nozzle from whichoil vapor is thrown, and which nozzle is disposed in the path of travelof a current of air in a AInannerto arrest the centrifugal action of theoil and carry it forwardly of the jet in a manner to produce 'aconcentrated blaze, the supply of airy being produced by inultiplerotary fans which are driven in synchronisln with the rotary niovernentof the nozzle7 and-which insure that a desirable relationwill existbetween the ,velocity of the air owing around thenozzle and the velocityof the fuel vapor being thrown oif from the nozzle by centrifugal force,said yfans and nozzle being driven from a single motor while all of theunit may be positioned upon a movable tripod.

rlhe invention is illustrated by way effexainple in the accompanyingdrawings in which- .I A

Figure l.v is viewiu central vertical section through theA burnershowing the correlation of its parts, and further disclosing it withparts. broken away for the Sake of convenience.

Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinalr section through ythe burner nozzle. l

Fig. 3 is a view in longitudinal Ysection through another form ofaburner nozzle.

Fig. 4 is avview in section and elevation showing the end of a fanblower with its cap rernovedv andv with one of its walls broken away tomore clearly disclose the fan blades.

vFig. 5 is a View in elevation illustrating the application of theinvention.

Referring inore particularly to theldrawing, 10 indicates a tripodupon.' which is mounted a bolting plate ll. `This plate is disposed uponthe top of the tripod and is secured by a center bolt l2r` which extendsthrough opening i3 in the plate. On one end of the plate ll, a motor istis mounted, while on the other end a, fan and burner structure 15 issecured. The plate is foi-ined by the vertical flange i6, to which agear housing 17 will be secured. This housing is clearly shown in Fig.t, where it will be seen to have a large circular body portion with alower seinicircular extension thereof for the reception of a spur gear18 forming` partof the gear-train which will be hereinafter described. Acover plate 19 is provided for the housing and interposed hetween it.and the bolting flange 16 of the base plate ll. Suitable bearing 2O isformed through the cover plateand receives a main drive shaft 2l. Thisdrive shaft extends through a bushing 22 and is journaled at its innerend within a bearing 23 formed in the back wall 24 of the gear housing.The outer end of the shaft 2l is fitted witha coupling 25, adapted to besecured to an arniatureshaft 26 of motor 14 and by which the shaft maybe driven.

The back wall 2a of the'gear housing is formed with abearing 27 toreceive an antifriction bearing 28 of a fan shaft 29. rlhis shaftextends horizontally andparallel to the' longitudinal airis of themotor. Near the bottom end of the back plate 24is formeda bearing 30,through which a tuliiular sleeve 3l ext-ends. This sleeveis providedwith an enlarged shouldcrat its inner-end to .prevent it from slippingthrough the hearing and at the saine time isA of a suitable bore toarconunodate a tubular nozzle shaft 32. at the outer end of which anozzle or burner tip 32% is sec ired, y,The nozzle shaft at 32 and thefan shaft 29 are simultaneously driven from the shaft 2l by a gear 34 ininesh with gear lpreviouslymentioned7 and the gear 35 vsecured to theshaft 29. f Attention is directedvto the fact that theratio ofthe gears18 .and 35 are at variance with eachother,

' through the Wall adjacent to the housing 3S.

It is `to be understood that any number of the intermediate housings 37may be used and that it will only be necessary to increase the length ofthe shaft 29, the shaft 32, and the spacing sleeve 31 in yorder tochange the capacity .and var y the performance of the burner. Thehousing 38 carries a bearing 42 into which the outer end of the tanshaft 29 is journaled.

Mounted upon the fan shaft and disposed one Within each of the fanhousings, are rotors 43. These members lconsist ol:l circular disks 44.secured `to the shaft and 'tarrying a plurality of substantial radialvanes 45. The angle 4of the blades may be chai'iged if desired, so thatthey will be tangentially arranged relative to the shaft 29 if desired.These blades are interposed between the disks and the faces of `theadjacent housings Which are fitted With small openings 41. Thus amultiple stage fan will be produced as the air `is drawn in through anintake opening 46, thereafter passing through the first opening 41 andthen being forced `outwardly t0 again circulate through an ,opening 41and into succeeding housings until emitted through opening 47 inthehousing 3S. This opening is-in communication with an air tube 49through which the shalt 32 extends, and Within the outer end ol whichthe nozzle 33 is disposed.' It is to be understood that the outsidediameter of the nozzle and the inside diameter of the tubek 49 bear adefinite relation to each other as Well as to the speed or' rotation ofthe nozzle and the velocity of the .ai r passing there around. f

The force feed of oil is delivered to the tubular shaft 32 from asuitable supply 50, through a pump 5l. This pump is preferably of thegear type, and is driyen oil of the shaft 2l by a gear 52 in mesh withthe gea-r 53, which gear in ,turn drives a small gear 54 in mesh with apump gear lt will ythus he evident that the pump. the tan and the nozzlemay all be driven at differw ent speeds as determined by the conditionsrequired, and as controlled by the interchange of the various gears ofthe gear train.

The nozzle is mounted yon the outer end of the tubular nozzle shaft .32,and consists of an inner stem '56' suitably secured `Within t-he f endof the nozzleby screws 57 This'stein has a central oil passage way v:38therethrough, the outer end ofthe stem terminating a short distance fromthe end of the oil tube 49. This outer end of the stem is internallythreaded to receive a screw 59 bearing against a washer 60, by which acone shaped nozzle tube 61 is secured in posit-ion around the end of thestem 56. This tube has a cylindrical portion 62 extending over the stem56 and resting against a shoulder on a nozzle cup 63. The nozzle cup hasan vend Wall which is interposed between `the end of the tubular shaft32 and the end of the tip, while a cylindrical shell 64 forms a part ofthe cup and `encompasses the cylindrical port-ion 62 of the tip. The cupand tip are secured in position by the clamping action of the screw 59.The length of the cup is such as to cause its outer vertical lip toextend a slight distance beyond the end of the Aair delivery tube 49,and to terminate a short distance from the base face 65 of the nozzletip cone 6,1. This provides an `annular vertical throat 66, into whichthe oil may flow and from which it passes into the stream of air flowingthrough the Atube 49. The lcylindrical shell 64 of the cup 63 iscounterbored to forman annular chamber 67 around the base portion 62 ofthe tip. A shoulder 68 on the tip partially restricts the flow of oilfrom this annular chamber into the throat 66. In the end Wall of the cupa plurality of longitudinally extending passage Ways 69 are formed tocommunicate with the chamber 67. These passage ways also stand yin thepath of travel of the air flowing through the tube 49 and ythus producesa bypass for a portion of the air so that the agitating effect thereofmay he yutilized in breaking up the oil in the chamber 67 and insuringthat it will be more thoroughly vaporized when it passes ,into the mainstream of air flowing vout, from 4the end of the tube 49. The liquidfuel yis deliv. ered from the bore 58 of the stem 56, through lradial`ducts 70, which extend Athrough the stem and communicate with anIintermediate annular recess 71 formed hy .counterbore in thecylindrical portion of Vthe tip. This portion lthe tip Iis formed with4radial ducts 7 6. preferably in register `with the duct 76 ol' thestein, and through which the liquid jt'uel may pass to the annularchamber 67.

lu view of the -iat that different capacil ties oi burner arereijpiired. it is often neces sary to enlarge the diameter of the airtube 49 and Athe nozzle. In order that this may he donewithout/impairing the operation oi the nozzle. a modified structure isprovided as shown in Fig. 3. In this form of the invention, the nozzletip consists ,ot ya conical shell 72 mounted at the end of Athe tubularshaft B2. Disposed over this shell is a .sleeve 73, carrying Vaninverted cone member 74. The sleeve is perforated as in-v dicated at 75,so that the liquid fuel may pass from the shaft 32 and ybe carried alongthe inner face of the inverted cone 74E to the throat 65. rl`he cup 63is provided with the perforations 69 previously described, and in thisinstance it will be noted thatthe outer face of the inverted cone Tlwillact to generate the oil so that it will be delivered to a point near theouter periphery of the tip 72.

ln operation of the present invention, the burner is assembled aspreviously described, and after the capacity' of the burner has beendetermined, a nozzle of desired dimension is provided, and the desirednumber of fan units are assembled to produce the required velocity andvolume of air. The gear train may then be designed to establishv adesired ratio betwen the air velocity and the speed of rotation of thenozzle. After the structure has been assembled it may be mount-ed uponthe tripod l0, or permanently installed if desired. ln `either event,the projectingair tube may extend through an opening 76 in a furnace 77,as shown in Fig. 5. It will be observed that in this case the air tubeor nozzle may be of such dimensions as to place the motor and fan somedistance from the furnace, and that the structure is so assembled as tointerpose the fan unit between the furnace and the motor, thus insuringthat it will be protected from the extreme heat and will operate in amanner to eliminate repairs.

lhen .the motor is set in motion, the fan will be operated as well asthe nozzle shaft 32 rotated. It is desirable to design the gear train sothat the fan will rotate at a considerably higher rate of speed than thenozzle, and in fact it is desirable to establish this ratio so that vtheoil delivered through the nozzle will be carried out as a film to theperipheral edge of the nozzle cone base, and that the rotation of thenozzle will not be fast enough to produce a violent action upon the oiland create an excessive and undesirable centrifugal movement thereof.The oil thus delivered to the outer edge of the tip will be of coursethrown into the path of travel of the air flowing through the tube 49,and moving at right angles thereto. The force ofthe moving oil,however-,is intended to be arrested by the force of the stream of airvsothat instead of having a large Haring flame. the air will 'act to directthe oil particles at right angles to their original path of travel, andwill concentrate the iiame to produce a flame of relativelysmallsectional area and of high heat. The congestion of the oil forming apart of the jet thus produced, will be facilitated `by the agitation ofthe oil, and byl breaking up the liquid into small globules which willpass from the nozzle tip as of very fine vapor. This result is producedby the mechanical agitation of the oil within the annular chambers 67and 7l, and by the action of the air which is diverted through the cup63, and which flows through the passages 69 across the chamber 67, andout around the shoulder G8 of the burner tip to the throat 66. o

lt will thus be seen that by the use of the oil burner here disclosed,it is possible to regulate the formation of the vapor jet produced, andat the same time to insure that the oil therein will be finallyvaporized, the burner being further designed to permit it to be carriedfrom place to place and constructed in a mannerA to meet therequirements of various installations.

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention as now kno-wn tome, it will be understood that various changes might be made in thecombination and arrangement of parts by those skilled inA the art,without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is:

l. An oil burner, comprising a tubular, rotatable oil shaft, a fixed airconduit surmouth of said air conduit and carried by the oil shaft, saidnozzle being formed with a f peripheral outlet passage oommunicatingwiththe supply of Oil in the shaft and adapted to throw by centrifugalaction across the path of travel of the air passing around the nozzleand from the end of the conduit, and a plurality of air passagewaysformed in said lnozzle parallel with the longitudinal axis of the shaftand adapted to deliver jets of air into the rear of the peripheralpassageway.

2. An oil burner, comprising a central rotatable tube through which asupply of oil circulates, a nozzle carried at the outer end of said tubeand communicating therewith, said nozzle having a central passagewaycommunicating with the tube, radial passageways emanating therefrom,longitudinal passageways communicating therewith, and acircumferentially extending peripheral outlet adapted to throw oil atright angles to the axes of the nozzle, an air pipe surrounding the oilpipe and a portion of the nozzle, said pipe being of larger diameterthan the nozzle and terminating a distance short of the peripheraloutlet therefrom, and longitudinal passageways in the nozzlecommunieating with the air pipe and adapted to deliver a supply of airto the oil passing to the peripheral outlet.

3. A burner structure comprising a cylindrical air tube through whichair may be delivered under pressure, a cylindrical nozzle memberextending into the open discharge end of the air tube, said nozzlehaving a diameter less than the interior diameter of the tube wherebyanfannular epaee will be 'formeel betweenthe nozzle. and' the tube, said`nozzle beingv formed with passage `Ways whereby particles of oil may betlfiroivn olif *portion whereby a square shoulder will be formed as apart et the baseof the cone, said cylindrical body portion being formedwith radial openings to receive oil 'from the first named openings', anda nozzle cup telescoping over said cylindrical body portion andterminating adjacent the base oii the cone to i'rorm an oil outletthroat, and an annular agitating chamber between the cup and thecylindrical portion of" the cone.

5. A nozzle for oil burners comprising a central rtubular membersecured. to a rotatable shaft through `which oil is delivered thereto,-said member being formed with a plurality ofvradial outlet openings. anozzle lcone secured at the end of said tubular member and having areduced cylindrical body `portion whereby a square shoulder will beformed as a `part of the .base of `the cone, said cylindricalbodyportion being `formed with radi-al openings to receive oil from the`first named openings, and a nozzle cup telescoping over saidcylindrical body portion and terminating adjacent the base of the coneto form an oil outlet throat, an annular agitating chamber between thecups and the cylindrical portion o-f the cone, and means for creating anagitation of the oil within the annular chamber formed by the' cup andprior tothe passage of the oil to the outlet throat.` e v Y 6. A nozzlefor oil burners comprising a central tubular member secured to arotatable shaft through which oil is `delivered thereto, said memberbeing formed with a plurality of radial outlet openings, a nozzle coneSecured at the end of said tubular member and having a` reducedcylindrical body kportion whereby a square shoulder will be formed as apart of the base of the cone. saidv cylindrical body portion beingformed with radial openings to receive oil 'from the first namedopenings, and a nozzle cup telescoping over said cylindrical bodyportion and terminating adjacent the base ot the cone to form an oiloutlet throat, an annular agitating` chamber between the cup and thecylindrical portion of the cone, means for creating an agit-ation of theoil within the annularchamberformed by-the cup `and prior to the passageof the oil to the outlet throat, and air circulating passagevvays formedthrough the end of the cup and adapted to convey air into the annularpassage of the cu iAUR-ENCE E. FRENCH.

